{"id":9055,"date":"2026-04-30T13:00:06","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T13:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=9055"},"modified":"2026-04-30T12:42:53","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T12:42:53","slug":"la-fin-de-laide-au-developpement-lafrique-face-au-defi-de-la-souverainete-financiere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=9055","title":{"rendered":"La fin de l\u2019Aide au D\u00e9veloppement : L’Afrique face au d\u00e9fi de la souverainet\u00e9 financi\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le patron sortant\u00a0 de l’Agence fran\u00e7aise de d\u00e9veloppement (AFD)\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alors que R\u00e9my Rioux s’appr\u00eate \u00e0 quitter la direction de l’Agence Fran\u00e7aise de D\u00e9veloppement (AFD), son d\u00e9part symbolise la fin d’une \u00e8re. Entre la dissolution de l\u2019USAID par Donald Trump et les promesses jamais tenues des \u00ab 0,7 % \u00bb, le mod\u00e8le de l\u2019aide publique s\u2019effondre. Pour l\u2019Afrique, cette crise impose une rupture brutale avec la d\u00e9pendance.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9part annonc\u00e9 de R\u00e9my Rioux de la t\u00eate de l’AFD, apr\u00e8s une d\u00e9cennie marqu\u00e9e par une volont\u00e9 de transformer l’aide en \u00ab investissement solidaire \u00bb, sonne comme le glas d’un certain mod\u00e8le de coop\u00e9ration. Ce changement de cycle intervient au moment o\u00f9 l’Aide Publique au D\u00e9veloppement (APD) traverse une chute libre historique. Alors que les Nations Unies fixaient d\u00e8s 1970 l\u2019objectif de consacrer 0,7 % du RNB au d\u00e9veloppement, cet engagement est rest\u00e9 une chim\u00e8re pour l’Occident, la moyenne plafonnant \u00e0 0,34 %.<\/p>\n

Le s\u00e9isme Trump : La mort de l\u2019USAID<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le pivot de cet effondrement se situe \u00e0 Washington. D\u00e8s son retour, Donald Trump a act\u00e9 la fermeture administrative de l’USAID<\/strong> au 1er juillet 2025. Cette institution, qui g\u00e9rait 40 milliards de dollars annuels, voit la quasi-totalit\u00e9 de ses programmes supprim\u00e9s. Pour l\u2019Afrique, l\u2019impact est d\u00e9vastateur : le retrait am\u00e9ricain, qui finan\u00e7ait par exemple 60 % des antir\u00e9troviraux au Malawi<\/strong>, menace de faire reculer la lutte contre les grandes pand\u00e9mies de 30 ans.<\/p>\n

Le bilan contrast\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e8re Rioux \u00e0 l\u2019AFD<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sous le magist\u00e8re de R\u00e9my Rioux (2016-2026), l’AFD a doubl\u00e9 de taille, mais son orientation a suscit\u00e9 des d\u00e9bats croissants. Si la France a affich\u00e9 des efforts budg\u00e9taires, la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du terrain montre une aide de plus en plus orient\u00e9e et assortie de conditionnalit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Le portefeuille de l’agence, majoritairement constitu\u00e9 de pr\u00eats plut\u00f4t que de dons, s’est progressivement d\u00e9tourn\u00e9 des pays les plus pauvres au profit des pays \u00e9mergents. En 2025, la part de l’Afrique dans les activit\u00e9s de l’AFD est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 30 %<\/strong>, contre 50 % par le pass\u00e9. Les critiques pointent une aide souvent li\u00e9e \u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats diplomatiques ou \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes lib\u00e9rales strictes, limitant la souverainet\u00e9 des \u00c9tats b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires.<\/p>\n

Sant\u00e9 et Transports : Sortir de la perfusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

Face \u00e0 ces coupes, la d\u00e9pendance aux fonds ext\u00e9rieurs devient un risque de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale. Le Kenya, par exemple, pourrait perdre jusqu’\u00e0 15 % de son secteur technologique li\u00e9 \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 en trois ans.<\/p>\n

Dans le secteur des transports et des infrastructures, le mod\u00e8le change radicalement. Faute de subventions occidentales, les pays africains se tournent massivement vers les Partenariats Public-Priv\u00e9 (PPP)<\/strong> et de nouveaux bailleurs comme les Emirats arabes unis ou l’Arabie saoudite pour combler le vide.<\/p>\n

L\u2019heure de la \u00ab Souverainet\u00e9 de financement \u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n

L’effondrement de l’APD et le changement de leadership \u00e0 l’AFD agissent comme un \u00e9lectrochoc. Pour ne plus \u00eatre les victimes collat\u00e9rales des changements de majorit\u00e9 \u00e0 Washington ou Paris, les \u00e9conomistes africains plaident pour une strat\u00e9gie endog\u00e8ne :mobilisation des ressources domestiques et lutte contre l’\u00e9vasion fiscale ;cr\u00e9ation de m\u00e9canismes financiers propres (banques de d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9gionales, fonds souverains) ; investissement technique et institutionnel privil\u00e9giant la croissance de long terme au d\u00e9triment des dons pr\u00e9caires.<\/p>\n

Le monde de l’aide, n\u00e9 apr\u00e8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, s’\u00e9teint avec le d\u00e9part de ses figures historiques. Pour l’Afrique, ce sevrage forc\u00e9 est douloureux, mais il repr\u00e9sente l’ultime opportunit\u00e9 de reprendre en main les leviers de son propre d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le patron sortant\u00a0 de l’Agence fran\u00e7aise de d\u00e9veloppement (AFD)\u00a0 Alors que R\u00e9my Rioux s’appr\u00eate \u00e0 quitter la direction de l’Agence Fran\u00e7aise de D\u00e9veloppement (AFD), son…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":390,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-analyse","wpcat-23-id","wpcat-15-id"],"yoast_head":"\nLa fin de l\u2019Aide au D\u00e9veloppement : L'Afrique face au d\u00e9fi de la souverainet\u00e9 financi\u00e8re - challenges economiques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=9055\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La fin de l\u2019Aide au D\u00e9veloppement : L'Afrique face au d\u00e9fi de la souverainet\u00e9 financi\u00e8re - 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