{"id":8411,"date":"2025-10-06T12:32:31","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T12:32:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=8411"},"modified":"2025-10-06T12:33:10","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T12:33:10","slug":"fmi-senegal-le-defi-dun-ajustement-a-visage-humain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=8411","title":{"rendered":"FMI-SENEGAL : LE D\u00c9FI D’UN AJUSTEMENT \u00c0 VISAGE HUMAIN"},"content":{"rendered":"
Par: Pr Amath Ndiaye, \u00c9conomiste, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar<\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
La d\u00e9claration de la Directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du FMI, Kristalina Georgieva, affirmant la disposition du Fonds \u00e0 conclure un nouveau programme avec le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, ouvre une nouvelle phase dans la relation entre Dakar et l\u2019institution de Bretton Woods. Mais cette ouverture ne saurait occulter un imp\u00e9ratif : stabiliser les finances publiques sans \u00e9branler la coh\u00e9sion sociale et politique du pays.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0*Un levier indispensable mais \u00e0 manier avec prudence*\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Le FMI n\u2019est pas une strat\u00e9gie de sortie de crise, mais un levier de stabilisation. Son intervention vise \u00e0 restaurer la confiance, r\u00e9\u00e9quilibrer les comptes publics et redonner de la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re au pays.<\/div>\n
Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, dont la situation budg\u00e9taire s\u2019est d\u00e9grad\u00e9e, a aujourd\u2019hui besoin du Fonds pour \u00e9viter une crise de financement et contenir le d\u00e9ficit public.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00c0 court terme, toute alternative serait trop co\u00fbteuse et potentiellement vou\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chec. Les marges de financement internes sont faibles et les ressources ext\u00e9rieures disponibles en dehors du cadre FMI \u2014 eurobonds, pr\u00eats commerciaux ou bilat\u00e9raux \u2014 sont on\u00e9reuses et insoutenables.<\/div>\n
Le recours au FMI n\u2019est donc pas un choix de confort, mais une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique pour restaurer la stabilit\u00e9 budg\u00e9taire et la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 macro\u00e9conomique.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0*Un ajustement budg\u00e9taire \u00e0 visage humain*\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Ce partenariat doit cependant \u00eatre n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec intelligence et humanit\u00e9. Le FMI doit tirer les le\u00e7ons des Programmes d\u2019Ajustement Structurel (PAS) des ann\u00e9es 1980-1990, dont les effets sociaux ont profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9 le continent africain.<\/div>\n
L\u2019heure n\u2019est plus aux politiques d\u2019aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 aveugle, mais \u00e0 un ajustement budg\u00e9taire \u00e0 visage humain, conciliant rigueur financi\u00e8re, croissance inclusive et protection des populations vuln\u00e9rables.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Le contexte g\u00e9opolitique sah\u00e9lien, marqu\u00e9 par la menace jihadiste et les tensions sociales, impose une approche contextualis\u00e9e et prudente. Appliquer m\u00e9caniquement des recettes uniformes \u00e0 un pays expos\u00e9 \u00e0 ces fragilit\u00e9s serait dangereux.<\/div>\n
Le temps d\u2019ajustement doit \u00eatre suffisamment long et progressif pour \u00e9viter des co\u00fbts sociaux excessifs et pr\u00e9server la stabilit\u00e9 nationale.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0*Le pi\u00e8ge de la suppression des subventions sur l\u2019\u00e9nergie*\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Parmi les conditionnalit\u00e9s souvent \u00e9voqu\u00e9es figure la r\u00e9duction des subventions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie. Or, une telle mesure constituerait aujourd\u2019hui une erreur strat\u00e9gique majeure.<\/div>\n
Supprimer brutalement les subventions sur les carburants et l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 provoquerait une hausse en cha\u00eene des prix, un effondrement du pouvoir d\u2019achat et une tension sociale aux cons\u00e9quences incalculables.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Ce risque, le Pr\u00e9sident Macky Sall ne l\u2019a jamais voulu. Conscient de son potentiel d\u00e9stabilisateur, il a toujours refus\u00e9 de sacrifier la paix sociale sur l\u2019autel des \u00e9quilibres budg\u00e9taires.<\/div>\n
Dans un pays o\u00f9 le co\u00fbt de la vie p\u00e8se d\u00e9j\u00e0 lourdement sur les m\u00e9nages, une telle d\u00e9cision aurait pu fragiliser la stabilit\u00e9 politique et ruiner des ann\u00e9es d\u2019efforts de coh\u00e9sion nationale.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Le d\u00e9fi n\u2019est donc pas de supprimer les subventions, mais de mieux les cibler : prot\u00e9ger les couches d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es, rationaliser les transferts et limiter les abus, sans infliger un choc brutal \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/div>\n
C\u2019est ce r\u00e9alisme \u00e9conomique et social qui doit guider les discussions actuelles avec le FMI.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0*L\u2019exemplarit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat : condition de cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9*\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Un ajustement \u00e0 visage humain doit aussi \u00eatre un ajustement exemplaire. Le gouvernement du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal doit donner le bon exemple en r\u00e9duisant drastiquement son train de vie :<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
baisse des hauts salaires et des avantages excessifs ;<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
rationalisation du parc automobile et des d\u00e9penses de prestige ;<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
surseoir \u00e0 l\u2019achat de v\u00e9hicules pour les d\u00e9put\u00e9s ;<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
r\u00e9duction du train de vie des institutions publiques ;<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
et suppression progressive des fonds politiques non justifi\u00e9s.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, il s\u2019agit de r\u00e9duire vigoureusement les d\u00e9penses de fonctionnement de l\u2019\u00c9tat pour pr\u00e9server les investissements structurants, ceux qui soutiennent la croissance, la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois et la transformation productive du pays.<\/div>\n
Une telle d\u00e9marche renforcerait la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 du gouvernement dans ses n\u00e9gociations avec le FMI et d\u00e9montrerait que l\u2019effort budg\u00e9taire est \u00e9quitablement partag\u00e9.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
*Conclusion : la main qui tient le levier*\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal doit faire preuve de rigueur financi\u00e8re, mais aussi de courage politique et de clairvoyance sociale.<\/div>\n
C\u2019est \u00e0 ce prix que le pays pourra transformer cette contrainte en opportunit\u00e9 de refondation \u00e9conomique, tout en pr\u00e9servant la paix sociale et la stabilit\u00e9 politique.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Enfin, il faut rappeler qu\u2019un accord avec le FMI est aujourd\u2019hui indispensable pour renforcer la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal sur les march\u00e9s financiers internationaux et mobiliser les bailleurs de fonds ainsi que les investisseurs \u00e9trangers.<\/div>\n
Mais, en contrepartie, le FMI doit tenir compte de la dimension sociale, politique et g\u00e9opolitique \u2014 notamment la menace jihadiste au Sahel \u2014 afin d\u2019\u00e9viter de fragiliser un pays stable au c\u0153ur d\u2019une r\u00e9gion sous tension.<\/div>\n
C\u2019est \u00e0 cette condition que l\u2019ajustement budg\u00e9taire pourra \u00eatre r\u00e9ellement efficace, soutenable et humainement acceptable.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par: Pr Amath Ndiaye, \u00c9conomiste, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar La d\u00e9claration de la Directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du FMI, Kristalina Georgieva, affirmant la disposition du…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8412,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contribution","wpcat-16-id"],"yoast_head":"\nFMI-SENEGAL : LE D\u00c9FI D'UN AJUSTEMENT \u00c0 VISAGE HUMAIN - challenges economiques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=8411\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FMI-SENEGAL : LE D\u00c9FI D'UN AJUSTEMENT \u00c0 VISAGE HUMAIN - 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