{"id":8327,"date":"2025-08-07T10:38:40","date_gmt":"2025-08-07T10:38:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=8327"},"modified":"2025-08-08T10:35:56","modified_gmt":"2025-08-08T10:35:56","slug":"et-si-le-billet-de-banque-vivait-ses-derniers-jours-la-revolution-monetaire-de-la-bceao-est-en-marche","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=8327","title":{"rendered":"Et si le billet de banque vivait ses derniers jours? La r\u00e9volution de la BCEAO en marche"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La BCEAO a franchi une \u00e9tape d\u00e9cisive avec le lancement du syst\u00e8me de paiement instantan\u00e9 et interop\u00e9rable (PI\u2011SPI) dans l\u2019espace UEMOA, en lien avec sa strat\u00e9gie de monnaie num\u00e9rique de banque centrale. Cette transformation marque l\u2019entr\u00e9e dans une nouvelle \u00e8re mon\u00e9taire, plus num\u00e9rique, plus fluide, mais aussi plus efficiente. En voici les enjeux, illustr\u00e9s \u00e0 travers l\u2019exemple d\u2019un usager s\u00e9n\u00e9galais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 *Une innovation technologique majeure port\u00e9e par la BCEAO* <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le PI\u2011SPI, test\u00e9 avec 17 institutions financi\u00e8res en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, permet d\u2019effectuer des paiements en moins de 10 secondes, 24h\/24 et 7j\/7, entre tous types de comptes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Banques commerciales<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Services de mobile money (Orange Money, Wave, Free Money\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u00c9tablissements de microfinance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Fintechs agr\u00e9\u00e9es<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La phase de test a d\u00e9marr\u00e9 le 5 juin 2025 en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, mobilisant 17 \u00e9tablissements financiers pour exp\u00e9rimenter la plateforme en conditions r\u00e9elles. Cette phase pilote pr\u00e9c\u00e8de un d\u00e9ploiement officiel pr\u00e9vu pour le 30 septembre 2025 dans l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019UEMOA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce syst\u00e8me repose sur une infrastructure num\u00e9rique interop\u00e9rable, connectant l\u2019ensemble des prestataires de services financiers de l\u2019Union. Il constitue la premi\u00e8re brique du e\u2011CFA, la monnaie num\u00e9rique de la BCEAO, en pr\u00e9paration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est une rupture majeure car pour la premi\u00e8re fois, il devient possible d\u2019effectuer des transactions en temps r\u00e9el d\u2019un compte bancaire \u00e0 un compte mobile, ou inversement, sans avoir \u00e0 passer par des \u00e9tapes interm\u00e9diaires ou des interfaces propri\u00e9taires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 *Une r\u00e9volution du quotidien pour les usagers : l\u2019exemple de Mamadi au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal* <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prenons le cas concret de Mamadi, un fonctionnaire s\u00e9n\u00e9galais habitant Gu\u00e9diawaye, titulaire d\u2019un compte bancaire dans une banque de Dakar et d\u2019un compte Orange Money :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Son salaire est vir\u00e9 chaque fin de mois sur son compte bancaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Avant, pour faire ses achats au march\u00e9, payer ses factures ou envoyer de l’argent \u00e0 sa famille, il devait :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  – Retirer de l\u2019argent au distributeur ; ce qui implique un long d\u00e9lai, le co\u00fbt du transport   et le risque de vol,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  – Recharger son compte Orange Money, entrainant ainsi de nouveaux  d\u00e9lais et frais<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  – Utiliser d\u2019autres applications pour faire des paiements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avec le PI\u2011SPI, Mamadi peut :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Transf\u00e9rer instantan\u00e9ment une partie de son salaire vers son compte Orange Money, ou payer directement un commer\u00e7ant utilisant Wave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Effectuer ses courses, payer son \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 ou envoyer de l\u2019argent \u00e0 Touba ou \u00e0 Ziguinchor, sans jamais utiliser un billet de banque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– R\u00e9duire ses frais de transport, de retrait, ses risques physiques, et gagner en simplicit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 *Un mod\u00e8le \u00e9conomiquement gagnant pour la BCEAO* <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au-del\u00e0 du service public, la BCEAO y trouve un double gain strat\u00e9gique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-En effet, le co\u00fbt de fabrication, d\u2019acheminement, de s\u00e9curisation et de renouvellement des billets et pi\u00e8ces est tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9, moins les billets circulent, plus la BCEAO \u00e9conomise sur sa gestion fiduciaire (estim\u00e9e dans certaines zones \u00e0 0,5 % \u00e0 1 % du PIB).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle y trouve de nouvelles sources de revenus :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Chaque transaction num\u00e9rique r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur la plateforme PI\u2011SPI g\u00e9n\u00e8re une commission, partag\u00e9e entre les prestataires et la BCEAO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Le volume de transactions \u00e9lectroniques est appel\u00e9 \u00e0 cro\u00eetre exponentiellement, cr\u00e9ant un flux continu de revenus tout en gardant des tarifs modestes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 *Un levier d\u2019inclusion financi\u00e8re et de souverainet\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire* <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette transformation n\u2019est pas seulement technique ou \u00e9conomique : elle est structurelle et strat\u00e9gique pour les \u00e9conomies ouest-africaines :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Le *e\u2011CFA* permettra \u00e0 terme une inclusion financi\u00e8re \u00e9largie, en connectant m\u00eame les zones rurales, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019essor du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– L\u2019\u00c9tat et les collectivit\u00e9s pourront cibler plus finement les aides sociales, les subventions ou les paiements administratifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– La tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 accrue favorise la lutte contre le blanchiment, l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale, et renforce la gouvernance \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Enfin, elle constitue un pas important vers une souverainet\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire num\u00e9rique, ma\u00eetris\u00e9e localement, sans d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 une infrastructure \u00e9trang\u00e8re ou priv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le e\u2011CFA et le syst\u00e8me PI\u2011SPI pr\u00e9figurent un basculement vers un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me mon\u00e9taire digitalis\u00e9, rapide, s\u00e9curis\u00e9, interconnect\u00e9, o\u00f9 la circulation fiduciaire devient r\u00e9siduelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour un usager comme Mamadi, cela signifie la fin du \u00ab cash roi \u00bb, et la libert\u00e9 de consommer, d\u2019\u00e9pargner ou de transf\u00e9rer sans contrainte g\u00e9ographique ni temporelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour la BCEAO, c\u2019est une r\u00e9volution silencieuse qui modernise en profondeur le syst\u00e8me financier ouest-africain, tout en apportant des gains en efficacit\u00e9, en co\u00fbts, et en souverainet\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr Amath Ndiaye<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

FASEG-UCAD<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La BCEAO a franchi une \u00e9tape d\u00e9cisive avec le lancement du syst\u00e8me de paiement instantan\u00e9 et interop\u00e9rable (PI\u2011SPI) dans l\u2019espace UEMOA, en lien avec sa…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8314,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8327","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-analyse","wpcat-23-id","wpcat-15-id"],"yoast_head":"\nEt si le billet de banque vivait ses derniers jours? 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