{"id":7905,"date":"2025-03-14T16:31:39","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T16:31:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7905"},"modified":"2025-03-14T16:38:04","modified_gmt":"2025-03-14T16:38:04","slug":"marco-rubio-83-des-programmes-de-lusaid-seront-annules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7905","title":{"rendered":"Marco Rubio : 83 % des programmes de l\u2019USAID seront annul\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"

Avec 5 200 contrats \u00e0 annuler et 1 000 autres \u00e0 g\u00e9rer par le D\u00e9partement d\u2019\u00c9tat, l\u2019impact sur l\u2019Afrique sera consid\u00e9rable.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Selon le secr\u00e9taire d\u2019\u00c9tat am\u00e9ricain Marco Rubio, 83\u00a0% des programmes g\u00e9r\u00e9s par l\u2019USAID seront annul\u00e9s, ce qui signifie pour l\u2019Afrique une r\u00e9duction importante de l\u2019aide am\u00e9ricaine au d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n

L\u2019annulation de 5 200 contrats fait suite \u00e0 un examen rapide des d\u00e9penses d\u2019aide des \u00c9tats-Unis par l\u2019administration du pr\u00e9sident Donald Trump, avec la participation du D\u00e9partement de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 gouvernementale (DOGE) d\u2019Elon Musk, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 charg\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9liminer les d\u00e9penses gouvernementales jug\u00e9es inutiles.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Apr\u00e8s un examen de six semaines, nous annulons officiellement 83\u00a0% des programmes de l\u2019USAID. Les 5 200 contrats qui sont d\u00e9sormais annul\u00e9s ont d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des dizaines de milliards de dollars de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ne pas servir (et dans certains cas m\u00eame \u00e0 nuire) aux int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux fondamentaux des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9crit Marco Rubio sur le r\u00e9seau X.<\/p>\n

Une enqu\u00eate lanc\u00e9e peu apr\u00e8s l\u2019ordre de gel indique que 80\u00a0% \u00e0 90\u00a0% des enfants et des familles africains avec lesquels les membres de leurs organisations travaillent devraient \u00eatre directement touch\u00e9s.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Le ministre a affirm\u00e9 que les programmes restants, environ un millier, doivent \u00eatre administr\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0plus efficacement<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb sous son d\u00e9partement d\u2019\u00c9tat \u00ab\u00a0en consultation avec le Congr\u00e8s\u00a0\u00bb. Marco Rubio a remerci\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0DOGE et notre personnel d\u00e9vou\u00e9<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb pour ce qu\u2019il a qualifi\u00e9 de \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9forme historique et attendue depuis longtemps<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Au cours du mois dernier, des milliers d\u2019employ\u00e9s de l\u2019USAID ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en cong\u00e9 administratif tandis que ceux qui travaillent sur des programmes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger ont \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9s \u00e0 se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 retourner aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Afrique, qui a longtemps b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019importants flux d\u2019aide am\u00e9ricaine au d\u00e9veloppement, risque d\u2019\u00eatre fortement touch\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00e9limination de l\u2019USAID.<\/p>\n

Selon les donn\u00e9es de Semafor, qui cite le d\u00e9partement d\u2019\u00c9tat am\u00e9ricain, l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne repr\u00e9sentait 12 milliards\u00a0$ des obligations de d\u00e9penses de l\u2019USAID pour 2024\u00a0; les cinq principaux b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires attendus \u00e9taient la RD Congo (1,3 milliard\u00a0$), l\u2019\u00c9thiopie (1,2 milliard\u00a0$), le Soudan (770 millions\u00a0$), le Nigeria (760 millions\u00a0$) et le Soudan du Sud (730 millions\u00a0$).<\/p>\n

Beaucoup de d\u00e9g\u00e2ts pour un r\u00e9sultat politique faible<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dans une analyse de f\u00e9vrier, qui examinait l\u2019impact d\u2019une prolongation d\u2019un an du gel temporaire de l\u2019aide, Ian Mitchell et Sam Hughes du Center for Global Development calculaient que sur les 26 pays les plus pauvres du monde, huit re\u00e7oivent plus d\u2019un cinqui\u00e8me de leur aide de l\u2019USAID.<\/p>\n

Tous les huit sauf un, l\u2019Afghanistan, se trouvent en Afrique. Il s\u2019agit du Soudan du Sud, de la Somalie, de la RD Congo, du Liberia, du Soudan, de l\u2019Ouganda et de l\u2019\u00c9thiopie.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les \u00e9conomies de ces huit pays \u00e0 faible revenu sont si petites que l\u2019aide repr\u00e9sente en moyenne 11\u00a0% de leur revenu total (sur la base des donn\u00e9es RNB disponibles pour sept pays). L\u2019USAID fournissant 30\u00a0% de ce soutien, le gel pourrait cr\u00e9er un d\u00e9ficit \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 plus de 3\u00a0% du RNB, ce qui pourrait constituer un choc \u00e9conomique majeur pour des pays qui comptent 410 millions d\u2019habitants.<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Dans tous ces pays, sauf deux, l\u2019USAID se concentre sur les \u00ab\u00a0interventions d\u2019urgence<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, certaines pour des crises prolong\u00e9es, ce qui sugg\u00e8re que l\u2019aide est utilis\u00e9e pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des besoins aigus, \u00e9crivent les auteurs.<\/p>\n

Michael Shurkin, directeur des programmes mondiaux chez 14N Strategies et chercheur associ\u00e9 au RUSI, bas\u00e9 au Royaume-Uni, consid\u00e8re qu\u2019il est difficile de r\u00e9sumer l\u2019ampleur des coupes pour les pays r\u00e9cipiendaires, tandis que l\u2019impact politique sera limit\u00e9 aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La programmation de l\u2019USAID est si massive et si diversifi\u00e9e qu\u2019il est presque impossible de comprendre les immenses ramifications de ces coupes. Mais peu ou pas d\u2019effets n\u00e9gatifs sont ou seront visibles pour la plupart des Am\u00e9ricains, qui hausseront les \u00e9paules et diront\u00a0: <\/em>\u00ab\u00a0bon travail\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb \u00bb<\/p>\n

Parmi ceux qui ont d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision, Michael McFaul, ancien ambassadeur des \u00c9tats-Unis en Russie, et directeur du Freeman Spogli Institute de l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Stanford. Il a qualifi\u00e9 la s\u00e9rie de coupes budg\u00e9taires d\u2019\u00ab\u00a0\u00e9norme erreur<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

La sant\u00e9 premi\u00e8re victime<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nous avions besoin d\u2019une r\u00e9forme de l\u2019USAID, pas d\u2019un d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement. La Chine ne met pas fin \u00e0 ses programmes d\u2019aide \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. \u00c0 l\u2019heure de la comp\u00e9tition entre les grandes puissances, l\u2019administration Trump d\u00e9truit unilat\u00e9ralement l\u2019un de nos meilleurs instruments d\u2019influence de <\/em>soft power.<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Dans un article publi\u00e9 dans African Business<\/a><\/em> avant la confirmation des coupes, des membres de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile africaine, qui \u0153uvrent principalement dans le domaine de la sant\u00e9, expliquaient que le gel du financement de l\u2019USAID entra\u00eenerait une perte de services de sant\u00e9, de nutrition et de protection de l\u2019enfance, une perturbation de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et une augmentation de la violence sexiste pour les familles africaines.<\/p>\n

Une enqu\u00eate lanc\u00e9e peu apr\u00e8s l\u2019ordre de gel indique que 80\u00a0% \u00e0 90\u00a0% des enfants et des familles africains avec lesquels les membres de leurs organisations travaillent devraient \u00eatre directement touch\u00e9s. Cela inclut la perte de soins de sant\u00e9, de nutrition, de services de protection de l\u2019enfance, la perturbation de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et une augmentation de la violence sexiste. En outre, 88\u00a0% du personnel travaillant pour ces organisations africaines locales sont susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre touch\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Un autre facteur, constataient-ils, est que les entreprises africaines voient des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s internationales, en particulier dans l\u2019industrie mini\u00e8re, se soustraire totalement aux activit\u00e9s de RSE.<\/p>\n

Le Magazine de l’Afrique<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Avec 5 200 contrats \u00e0 annuler et 1 000 autres \u00e0 g\u00e9rer par le D\u00e9partement d\u2019\u00c9tat, l\u2019impact sur l\u2019Afrique sera consid\u00e9rable.   Selon le secr\u00e9taire…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7908,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-infos-eco","wpcat-10-id"],"yoast_head":"\nMarco Rubio : 83 % des programmes de l\u2019USAID seront annul\u00e9s - challenges economiques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7905\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marco Rubio : 83 % des programmes de l\u2019USAID seront annul\u00e9s - 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