{"id":7324,"date":"2024-11-11T10:33:49","date_gmt":"2024-11-11T10:33:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324"},"modified":"2024-11-11T10:35:11","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T10:35:11","slug":"les-banques-africaines-privilegient-la-dette-publique-aux-prets-aux-entreprises-bei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324","title":{"rendered":"Les banques africaines privil\u00e9gient la dette publique aux pr\u00eats aux entreprises (BEI)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00a0Sous la pression des besoins de financement des Etats africains, les banques se tournent de plus en plus vers la dette publique. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, connu sous le nom d&rsquo;effet d&rsquo;\u00e9viction, freine l\u2019acc\u00e8s au cr\u00e9dit pour le secteur priv\u00e9 et inqui\u00e8te face aux risques accrus pour le syst\u00e8me bancaire.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les Etats africains se sont massivement tourn\u00e9s vers les banques locales pour leurs besoins de financement sur la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie, selon le rapport \u00ab\u00a0Finance in Africa\u00a0: Unlocking investment in an era of digital transformation and climate transition\u00a0\u00bb publi\u00e9 le jeudi 7 novembre par la Banque europ\u00e9enne d\u2019investissement (BEI). Entre 2010 et 2023, les avoirs des banques africaines en dette souveraine int\u00e9rieure ont connu une augmentation notable, passant de 10,3% \u00e0 17,5% de leurs portefeuilles. Cette situation, au-del\u00e0 de r\u00e9v\u00e9ler un syst\u00e8me bancaire plus expos\u00e9 aux al\u00e9as de la dette publique, limite l\u2019enveloppe disponible pour les pr\u00eats au secteur priv\u00e9. En cons\u00e9quence, le cr\u00e9dit bancaire au secteur priv\u00e9 est en recul, de 42% en 2010 \u00e0 38% en 2023, malgr\u00e9 une demande de financement en hausse dans le tissu entrepreneurial africain.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u2019effet d\u2019\u00e9viction s\u2019intensifie en Afrique de l\u2019Est et de l\u2019Ouest<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019effet d\u2019\u00e9viction &#8211; ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne par lequel les banques privil\u00e9gient les investissements dans la dette publique au d\u00e9triment des pr\u00eats au secteur priv\u00e9 &#8211; s\u2019est intensifi\u00e9 au point d\u2019atteindre des niveaux records en 2023, notamment dans plus de la moiti\u00e9 des pays africains. En Afrique de l\u2019Est, en Afrique australe et en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, la situation est particuli\u00e8rement critique. Les banques locales, sous la pression de la dette publique, allouent une part croissante de leurs ressources aux instruments souverains, souvent per\u00e7us comme moins risqu\u00e9s. Cette tendance se traduit par une concurrence accrue entre le secteur public et le secteur priv\u00e9 pour capter les financements des banques, au d\u00e9triment de l\u2019investissement priv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>En Afrique centrale, le portefeuille bancaire en dette publique a augment\u00e9 pour atteindre 24% du total des actifs contre 2,6% en 2010. L&rsquo;Afrique de l\u2019Ouest et l&rsquo;Afrique australe suivent cette tendance avec des augmentations comprises entre 7% et 9% des actifs. En revanche, la baisse du cr\u00e9dit priv\u00e9 est la plus marqu\u00e9e en Afrique australe, o\u00f9 elle atteint -12,1% des actifs, contre une r\u00e9duction de 2% \u00e0 3% en Afrique centrale, de l&rsquo;Ouest et du Nord.<\/p>\n<p>Cette pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence des banques pour les actifs souverains traduit une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re\u00a0: les obligations d\u2019Etat, bien que peu risqu\u00e9es, offraient des taux \u00e9lev\u00e9s qui r\u00e9pondent aux imp\u00e9ratifs de rentabilit\u00e9 des \u00e9tablissements financiers. Par exemple, les rendements sur la dette souveraine ont atteint des niveaux records\u00a0: le Ghana a lev\u00e9 des fonds \u00e0 un taux de 19%, et le Kenya \u00e0 plus de 12%. Comparativement aux taux de 5% \u00e0 8% offerts par les pr\u00eats aux PME, ces rendements \u00e9lev\u00e9s, renforcent la pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence des banques pour les obligations d\u2019Etat.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Un d\u00e9ficit de financement de 194 milliards de dollars pour les PME<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le secteur priv\u00e9 paie le prix fort de ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. Le d\u00e9ficit de financement pour les PME en Afrique subsaharienne est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 194 milliards de dollars par an. Les PME, qui repr\u00e9sentent 80% des entreprises et 60% des emplois dans la r\u00e9gion, sont les premi\u00e8res touch\u00e9es par cette r\u00e9duction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s au cr\u00e9dit. Selon le rapport de la BEI, 57% des PME signalent que l\u2019insuffisance de financement est leur principal frein \u00e0 la croissance, tandis que 45% font face \u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des cr\u00e9dits de tr\u00e9sorerie\u200b.<\/p>\n<p>Particuli\u00e8rement touch\u00e9, le secteur agricole un pilier \u00e9conomique dans plusieurs pays voit une large part de ses PME confront\u00e9es \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction des cr\u00e9dits.<\/p>\n<p>Le d\u00e9fi est \u00e9galement interne aux banques, pour qui le risque de cr\u00e9dit demeure une pr\u00e9occupation majeure. En 2022, environ 27% des pr\u00eats aux PME \u00e9taient consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme non productifs, un taux qui, bien qu&rsquo;en l\u00e9g\u00e8re baisse, reste pr\u00e9occupant. Ce niveau de pr\u00eats non performants explique en partie la prudence des banques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du cr\u00e9dit au secteur priv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><em>(Agence Ecofin) <\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0Sous la pression des besoins de financement des Etats africains, les banques se tournent de plus en plus vers la dette publique. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, connu&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7325,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualite-economique","category-infos-eco","wpcat-8-id","wpcat-10-id"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les banques africaines privil\u00e9gient la dette publique aux pr\u00eats aux entreprises (BEI) - challenges economiques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les banques africaines privil\u00e9gient la dette publique aux pr\u00eats aux entreprises (BEI) - challenges economiques\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0Sous la pression des besoins de financement des Etats africains, les banques se tournent de plus en plus vers la dette publique. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, connu...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"challenges economiques\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-11T10:33:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-11T10:35:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BEIBARICAINES.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"295\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b4568c9afebc5a9238a771873801e349\"},\"headline\":\"Les banques africaines privil\u00e9gient la dette publique aux pr\u00eats aux entreprises (BEI)\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-11T10:33:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-11T10:35:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324\"},\"wordCount\":723,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BEIBARICAINES.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Actualit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique\",\"Infos \u00e9co\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324\",\"name\":\"Les banques africaines privil\u00e9gient la dette publique aux pr\u00eats aux entreprises (BEI) - challenges economiques\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BEIBARICAINES.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-11T10:33:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-11T10:35:11+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b4568c9afebc5a9238a771873801e349\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BEIBARICAINES.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BEIBARICAINES.jpg\",\"width\":450,\"height\":295},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Les banques africaines privil\u00e9gient la dette publique aux pr\u00eats aux entreprises (BEI)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/\",\"name\":\"challenges economiques\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b4568c9afebc5a9238a771873801e349\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/099e42240b5eea11acdb72751fcce0dd918603f0749d24974b7984ea47ed9fd9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/099e42240b5eea11acdb72751fcce0dd918603f0749d24974b7984ea47ed9fd9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Les banques africaines privil\u00e9gient la dette publique aux pr\u00eats aux entreprises (BEI) - challenges economiques","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Les banques africaines privil\u00e9gient la dette publique aux pr\u00eats aux entreprises (BEI) - challenges economiques","og_description":"\u00a0Sous la pression des besoins de financement des Etats africains, les banques se tournent de plus en plus vers la dette publique. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, connu...","og_url":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324","og_site_name":"challenges economiques","article_published_time":"2024-11-11T10:33:49+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-11-11T10:35:11+00:00","og_image":[{"width":450,"height":295,"url":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BEIBARICAINES.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"admin","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b4568c9afebc5a9238a771873801e349"},"headline":"Les banques africaines privil\u00e9gient la dette publique aux pr\u00eats aux entreprises (BEI)","datePublished":"2024-11-11T10:33:49+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-11T10:35:11+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324"},"wordCount":723,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BEIBARICAINES.jpg","articleSection":["Actualit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique","Infos \u00e9co"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324","url":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324","name":"Les banques africaines privil\u00e9gient la dette publique aux pr\u00eats aux entreprises (BEI) - challenges economiques","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BEIBARICAINES.jpg","datePublished":"2024-11-11T10:33:49+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-11T10:35:11+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b4568c9afebc5a9238a771873801e349"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BEIBARICAINES.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BEIBARICAINES.jpg","width":450,"height":295},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=7324#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Les banques africaines privil\u00e9gient la dette publique aux pr\u00eats aux entreprises (BEI)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/","name":"challenges economiques","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b4568c9afebc5a9238a771873801e349","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/099e42240b5eea11acdb72751fcce0dd918603f0749d24974b7984ea47ed9fd9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/099e42240b5eea11acdb72751fcce0dd918603f0749d24974b7984ea47ed9fd9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com"],"url":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?author=1"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BEIBARICAINES.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7324","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7324"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7324\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7326,"href":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7324\/revisions\/7326"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7325"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7324"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7324"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7324"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}