{"id":4433,"date":"2023-03-22T16:01:11","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T16:01:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=4433"},"modified":"2023-03-22T16:01:47","modified_gmt":"2023-03-22T16:01:47","slug":"le-fmi-avertit-la-france-et-lengage-a-restructurer-ses-depenses-publiques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=4433","title":{"rendered":"Le FMI avertit la France et l\u2019engage \u00e0 restructurer ses d\u00e9penses publiques"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Les avertissements prononc\u00e9s par le FMI sont le plus souvent adress\u00e9s aux pays du sud, notamment ceux d\u2019Afrique subsaharienne. Une fois n\u2019est pas coutume, aujourd\u2019hui c\u2019est un pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 qui est cibl\u00e9, avec des demandes claires de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 des ajustements structurels.<\/strong><\/p>\n

La France, l’un des principaux partenaires de l’Afrique, a r\u00e9cemment re\u00e7u des \u00ab avertissements \u00bb du Fonds Mon\u00e9taire International \u00e0 propos de la qualit\u00e9 de ses d\u00e9penses publiques. L\u2019institution estime en effet, que bien que la r\u00e9ponse budg\u00e9taire de la France aux chocs successifs de la p\u00e9riode 2020 \u00e0 2022 ait \u00e9t\u00e9 rapide et efficace, elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 co\u00fbteuse, ce qui a r\u00e9duit son espace budg\u00e9taire et accru sa dette publique en comparaison avec d’autres pays de m\u00eame importance dans la zone euro.<\/p>\n

Dans un rapport dat\u00e9 du 28 f\u00e9vrier 2023, les experts du FMI soulignent aussi, que l’augmentation des d\u00e9penses pour des secteurs comme la sant\u00e9, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale ou encore l\u2019\u00e9ducation au cours des trois derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, laisse la France avec le ratio de d\u00e9penses le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 en Europe. Ils recommandent ainsi \u00e0 la France d\u2019inverser cette tendance avec des r\u00e9formes structurelles pour reconstruire les tampons fiscaux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rod\u00e9s par la forte r\u00e9ponse budg\u00e9taire aux chocs successifs de 2020-2022.<\/p>\n

En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, le FMI reproche \u00e0 la France de d\u00e9penser plus que ce que son \u00e9conomie produit, et cette situation risque de ne pas changer \u00e0 court terme. Les pr\u00e9visions \u00e9conomiques de 2023 pour le pays sont pr\u00e9occupantes : la croissance \u00e9conomique sera tr\u00e8s faible \u00e0 0,7%, le d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire sera le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 d’Europe \u00e0 5% (au-dessus de la norme de convergence de la zone euro de 3%), et le d\u00e9ficit commercial a atteint en fin d\u00e9cembre 2022 son niveau le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 depuis la fin de la deuxi\u00e8me guerre mondiale, \u00e0 savoir 164 milliards \u20ac.<\/p>\n

M\u00eame si les termes sont soigneusement choisis, le FMI demande \u00e0 la France de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 des ajustements structurels, comme la r\u00e9forme difficile des retraites, pour maintenir une politique budg\u00e9taire viable. Cette demande est soutenue par une pr\u00e9occupation croissante en France pour la restructuration des d\u00e9penses publiques.<\/p>\n

Selon un sondage publi\u00e9 par l’organisation Kantar Public en d\u00e9cembre 2022, 34% des Fran\u00e7ais \u00e9taient favorables \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction des d\u00e9penses publiques. Le 9 mars 2023, les membres de la Cour des Comptes en France ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9<\/a> le gouvernement \u00e0 engager un \u00ab redressement r\u00e9solu<\/em> \u00bb des finances publiques.<\/p>\n

Pour l’instant, aucune implication de cette situation n’affecte les \u00e9conomies africaines. Toutefois, dans un sc\u00e9nario extr\u00eamement n\u00e9gatif, des d\u00e9fis budg\u00e9taires en France pourraient entra\u00eener des cons\u00e9quences sur sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 maintenir globalement ses engagements en mati\u00e8re d’aide au d\u00e9veloppement ou encore \u00e0 poursuivre ses nouvelles ambitions d’investissements sur le continent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
(Agence Ecofin)<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les avertissements prononc\u00e9s par le FMI sont le plus souvent adress\u00e9s aux pays du sud, notamment ceux d\u2019Afrique subsaharienne. Une fois n\u2019est pas coutume, aujourd\u2019hui…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4435,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4433","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualite-economique","wpcat-8-id"],"yoast_head":"\nLe FMI avertit la France et l\u2019engage \u00e0 restructurer ses d\u00e9penses publiques - challenges economiques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=4433\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le FMI avertit la France et l\u2019engage \u00e0 restructurer ses d\u00e9penses publiques - challenges economiques\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les avertissements prononc\u00e9s par le FMI sont le plus souvent adress\u00e9s aux pays du sud, notamment ceux d\u2019Afrique subsaharienne. 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