{"id":3291,"date":"2022-05-06T18:02:10","date_gmt":"2022-05-06T18:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=3291"},"modified":"2022-05-06T18:02:36","modified_gmt":"2022-05-06T18:02:36","slug":"de-la-decision-de-linvestissement-public","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=3291","title":{"rendered":"De la d\u00e9cision de l\u2019investissement public"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Une politique publique peut \u00eatre d\u00e9finie comme une vision\/strat\u00e9gie traduite en un ensemble d\u2019actions coh\u00e9rentes et coordonn\u00e9es dans le but de contribuer \u00e0 l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration des conditions \u00e9conomiques et sociales de la collectivit\u00e9 (communaut\u00e9) dans laquelle il sera r\u00e9alis\u00e9 (Rosenfeld F.). De ce point de vue, son \u00e9valuation (ou celle des actions qui la composent) cherche \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer la valeur ajout\u00e9e soci\u00e9tale qu\u2019elle va cr\u00e9er (\u00e9valuation ex ante) ou qu\u2019elle a cr\u00e9\u00e9 (\u00e9valuation ex post) au sein de la collectivit\u00e9. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ainsi, pour l\u2019Etat, dans son r\u00f4le de service public, la d\u00e9cision de mettre en \u0153uvre ou non une politique publique d\u00e9pend moins de crit\u00e8res de rentabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re (taux de rendement interne, viabilit\u00e9, etc.) que de ceux de la rentabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique. Cette derni\u00e8re consiste \u00e0 voir, de mani\u00e8re ex ante, si les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices nets qui seront g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s au niveau des diff\u00e9rentes parties prenantes du projet\/programme d\u00e9passent ou non le co\u00fbt de l\u2019investissement. Il est clair que la d\u00e9cision d\u2019investir d\u00e9pend d\u2019une r\u00e9ponse affirmative \u00e0 cette question. Cette d\u00e9cision est d\u2019autant plus importante qu\u2019elle g\u00e9n\u00e8re un co\u00fbt d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 et que l\u2019argent investi ne peut plus \u00eatre investi pour d\u2019autres fins.<\/p>\n<p>Donc, pour comprendre cette d\u00e9cision il faut prendre connaissance du degr\u00e9 de maturit\u00e9 du projet, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019analyse exhaustive, faite au cours de l\u2019\u00e9valuation ex ante et portant sur un horizon analytique bien pr\u00e9cis, de toutes les parties prenantes, en vue de voir les avantages et les inconv\u00e9nients (quantifier mon\u00e9tairement) g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par le projet au niveau de chacune d\u2019elle. La simple comparaison de ces deux composantes permet de d\u00e9terminer les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices nets (total avantages <strong>moins<\/strong> total inconv\u00e9nients). Bien s\u00fbr, si seulement la situation avec projet g\u00e9n\u00e8re plus de &nbsp;b\u00e9n\u00e9fices nets que la situation sans projet. Dans le cas contraire il n\u2019y a point int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 investir.<\/p>\n<p>Par cons\u00e9quent, au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019alignement strat\u00e9gique, l\u2019investissement doit constituer une r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 un besoin r\u00e9el (pertinence), l\u2019option ou la strat\u00e9gie choisie doit permettre d\u2019atteindre les r\u00e9sultats escompt\u00e9s (efficacit\u00e9\/Performance), \u00eatre la moins co\u00fbteuse (efficience) et en coh\u00e9rence avec les autres politiques publiques. Le respect de ces quatre principes permet \u00e0 l\u2019Etat de mieux rationaliser l\u2019utilisation des ressources des contribuables (pr\u00e9sents ou futurs) dans le financement des projets d\u2019investissement.<\/p>\n<p>Donc, pour l\u2019Etat, il y a enjeu de communiquer sur les r\u00e9sultats des \u00e9valuations desquelles d\u00e9pend la mise en \u0153uvre des investissements publics. Car l\u2019\u00e9valuation, au-del\u00e0 d\u2019\u00eatre une exigence technique, constitue une exigence politique en ce sens qu\u2019elle permet de rendre compte (redevabilit\u00e9) et permet de ce point de vue de renforcer la gouvernance d\u00e9mocratique.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, force est de reconna\u00eetre que si l\u2019impression est donn\u00e9e que la logique du \u00ab&nbsp;presque&nbsp;\u00bb Tout \u00e9conomique (profit) se positionne comme principal crit\u00e8re d\u2019appr\u00e9ciation dans certains investissements publics, c\u2019est du fait de la mont\u00e9e en puissance de nouveaux mod\u00e8les de financements innovants tels que les Partenariats public-priv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Le cadre l\u00e9gislatif et r\u00e9glementaire relatif \u00e0 ce type de financement a beaucoup \u00e9volu\u00e9 au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, depuis la loi 2004-13 du 1er mars 2004 sur les CET (Construction-Exploitation-Transfert), modifi\u00e9e par &nbsp;les lois 2009-21 du 4 mai 2009 et 2011-11 du 28 avril 2011, \u00e0 la Loi&nbsp;n\u00b0&nbsp;2021-23 du 02 mars 2021&nbsp;relative aux contrats de partenariat public-priv\u00e9, en passant par la Loi la loi 2014-09 du 20 f\u00e9vrier 2014.<\/p>\n<p>Si un tel mode de financement permet \u00e0 l\u2019Etat de transf\u00e9rer le risque, son recours abusif peut d\u00e9vier ce dernier de son r\u00f4le de service public qu\u2019il doit remplir surtout, quand l\u2019option \u00ab&nbsp;Paiement par les usagers&nbsp;\u00bb est retenue, comme c\u2019est le cas avec l\u2019autoroute \u00e0 p\u00e9age, entre autres. C\u2019est pour cela qu\u2019il convient de faire moins recours \u00e0 ce type financement pour financer les services sociaux de base dont l\u2019acc\u00e8s est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme des droits humains fondamentaux et dont la mise en \u0153uvre de projets d\u2019infrastructures structurantes ne peut justifier leur violation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ndongo Man\u00e9 KEBE, Docteur en Sciences \u00e9conomiques, Sp\u00e9cialiste en Evaluation \u00e9conomique de Projets \/ 77&nbsp;514 27 87<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une politique publique peut \u00eatre d\u00e9finie comme une vision\/strat\u00e9gie traduite en un ensemble d\u2019actions coh\u00e9rentes et coordonn\u00e9es dans le but de contribuer \u00e0 l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration des&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3292,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-contribution","wpcat-23-id","wpcat-16-id"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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