{"id":2405,"date":"2021-12-18T12:12:01","date_gmt":"2021-12-18T12:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=2405"},"modified":"2021-12-18T12:12:24","modified_gmt":"2021-12-18T12:12:24","slug":"les-banques-centrales-attentives-a-linflation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=2405","title":{"rendered":"Les Banques centrales attentives \u00e0 l\u2019inflation"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tandis que la Banque des \u00c9tats d\u2019Afrique centrale ajuste \u00e0 la hausse ses taux directeurs, son homologue d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest d\u00e9cide de les maintenir inchang\u00e9s. Les deux constatent des pouss\u00e9es inflationnistes, notamment sur les produits alimentaires.<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019une durcit sa politique mon\u00e9taire, l\u2019autre pas, face aux pressions inflationnistes. Pour la zone UEMOA, le Comit\u00e9 de politique mon\u00e9taire (CPM) de la BCEAO s\u2019est tenu le 8 d\u00e9cembre 2021, sous la pr\u00e9sidence du gouverneur Ti\u00e9moko Meyliet Kon\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Au titre de la conjoncture internationale, le CPM a not\u00e9 une croissance continue de l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique au troisi\u00e8me trimestre 2021, bien qu\u2019\u00e0 un rythme plus lent qu\u2019au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. \u00ab La dynamique de cette reprise reste in\u00e9gale \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, avec des bases plus solides dans les pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s que dans les pays \u00e9mergents, en raison notamment des meilleurs taux de vaccination et des mesures budg\u00e9taires et mon\u00e9taires plus expansionnistes.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n

Pour l\u2019heure, la Banque centrale retient l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se d\u2019une croissance mondiale de 5,9 % en 2021, telle que pr\u00e9vue par le FMI.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Toutefois, l\u2019apparition d\u2019un nouveau variant et la vague de contamination r\u00e9cente au coronavirus, d\u00e9but\u00e9e en Europe en octobre 2021, pourraient \u00e0 nouveau conduire \u00e0 l\u2019instauration de mesures de restriction de d\u00e9placements et affecter n\u00e9gativement les perspectives de reprise mondiale<\/em> \u00bb, pr\u00e9vient l\u2019institution ouest-africaine.<\/p>\n

Notant que les prix des produits \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques poursuivent leur \u00ab raffermissement<\/em> \u00bb, le CPM constate que les prix des autres mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res import\u00e9es, et des produits alimentaires achet\u00e9s par les Africains, continuent \u00e9galement de grimper. Bien que les prix des produits hors \u00e9nergie aient enregistr\u00e9 une l\u00e9g\u00e8re baisse, au troisi\u00e8me trimestre.<\/p>\n

Ainsi, le CPM rel\u00e8ve-t-il une progression de l\u2019inflation, \u00e0 3,8% au troisi\u00e8me trimestre 2021 contre 3,3% un trimestre plus t\u00f4t. Cette hausse des prix est imputable essentiellement au rench\u00e9rissement des produits alimentaires, confirm\u00e9e au d\u00e9but du quatri\u00e8me trimestre, du fait de la baisse de la production c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8re dans certains pays, des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019approvisionnement induites par les crises sanitaire et s\u00e9curitaire dans d\u2019autres pays ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 la hausse de l\u2019inflation import\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\u00ab \u00c9volutions contrast\u00e9es<\/em> \u00bb en Afrique centrale<\/strong><\/p>\n

Selon les pr\u00e9visions, l\u2019inflation devrait revenir en dessous de 3,0%, dans le courant de 2022, \u00e0 la faveur de l\u2019att\u00e9nuation progressive des tensions sur les prix des produits import\u00e9s et de la bonne campagne agricole attendue pour 2021-2022.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

F.CFA des Banques centrales<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Examinant la conjoncture interne, le CPM note avec satisfaction le niveau de la croissance, qui ressortait, en rythme annuel \u00e0 6,7% apr\u00e8s 7,7% au trimestre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. \u00ab Cette bonne \u00e9volution a \u00e9t\u00e9 soutenue par un raffermissement progressif de la demande int\u00e9rieure ainsi que par la hausse de la valeur ajout\u00e9e dans l\u2019ensemble des secteurs d\u2019activit\u00e9<\/em> \u00bb, acte la Banque centrale.<\/p>\n

L\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration des investissements publics, dans le cadre des plans de relance mis en \u0153uvre par les pays africains, entra\u00eene un creusement du d\u00e9ficit global. Lequel ressort \u00e0 4 493 milliards de F.CFA (6,85 milliards d\u2019euros), \u00e0 fin septembre, dans l\u2019UEMOA.<\/p>\n

Les cr\u00e9ances sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie se sont accrues, avec une progression, en rythme annuel, de 8,9% \u00e0 fin septembre 2021. Les r\u00e9serves de change de l\u2019Union correspondent \u00e0 un taux de couverture de l\u2019\u00e9mission mon\u00e9taire de 81,7% et assurent \u2013 un indicateur particuli\u00e8rement suivi \u2013 6,1 mois d\u2019importations de biens et services.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est pourquoi le CPM a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de maintenir ses taux inchang\u00e9s, le taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de pr\u00eat marginal demeurant \u00e0 4% ; le coefficient de r\u00e9serves obligatoires demand\u00e9es aux banques, fortement diminu\u00e9 depuis avril 2020, reste \u00e0 3%.<\/p>\n

Son de cloche l\u00e9g\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rent du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la BEAC. Son Comit\u00e9, sous la pr\u00e9sidence de Abbas Mahamat Tolli, a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 un rel\u00e8vement des taux, rendu public d\u00e9but d\u00e9cembre. Son objectif prioritaire, rappelle-t-il, \u00ab est bien la stabilit\u00e9 de la monnaie et la ma\u00eetrise de l\u2019inflation <\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

D\u00e8s lors, \u00ab la remont\u00e9e de l\u2019inflation dans le monde et l\u2019\u00e9valuation r\u00e9cente de la situation des \u00e9conomies de la Cemac ct des perspectives \u00e0 court terme font ressortir des \u00e9volutions contrast\u00e9es<\/em> \u00bb, tant du point de vue de la stabilit\u00e9 interne qu\u2019externe de la monnaie. D\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9volution r\u00e9cente des prix montre qu\u2019en Afrique centrale, l\u2019inflation est ma\u00eetris\u00e9e, en d\u00e9pit de la flamb\u00e9e des prix des produits import\u00e9s et du co\u00fbt du fret maritime. En revanche, la hausse des cours du p\u00e9trole p\u00e8se, avec un effet retard, sur les r\u00e9serves de change.<\/p>\n

Compte tenu des risques, \u00ab il est apparu n\u00e9cessaire de r\u00e9orienter la politique mon\u00e9taire de la BEAC \u00e0 travers l\u2019ajustement de ses principaux taux<\/em> \u00bb. Le taux des appels d\u2019offres passe ainsi \u00e0 3,50% (+25 points de base) et le taux de la facilit\u00e9 de pr\u00eat marginal \u00e0 5,25% (+25 pb). Les coefficients de r\u00e9serves obligatoires passent \u00e0 4,5%.<\/p>\n

En UEMOA, le probl\u00e8me n\u2019est pas n\u00e9glig\u00e9 : \u00ab Dans les mois \u00e0 venir, le CPM demeurera vigilant sur la dynamique d\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019inflation et prendra, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, les mesures n\u00e9cessaires pour assurer la stabilit\u00e9 des prix, tout en soutenant le retour \u00e0 une croissance forte<\/em> \u00bb, promet la BCEAO.<\/p>\n

(Le Magazine de l’Afrique)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tandis que la Banque des \u00c9tats d\u2019Afrique centrale ajuste \u00e0 la hausse ses taux directeurs, son homologue d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest d\u00e9cide de les maintenir inchang\u00e9s….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2406,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualite-economique","category-infos-eco","wpcat-8-id","wpcat-10-id"],"yoast_head":"\nLes Banques centrales attentives \u00e0 l\u2019inflation - challenges economiques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=2405\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les Banques centrales attentives \u00e0 l\u2019inflation - 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