{"id":1952,"date":"2021-10-07T10:52:08","date_gmt":"2021-10-07T10:52:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=1952"},"modified":"2021-10-07T10:56:57","modified_gmt":"2021-10-07T10:56:57","slug":"lafrique-subsaharienne-sort-de-la-recession-en-2021-mais-la-relance-reste-fragile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=1952","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Afrique subsaharienne sort de la r\u00e9cession en 2021  mais la relance reste fragile"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>L\u2019Afrique subsaharienne devrait sortir de la r\u00e9cession caus\u00e9e par la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 avec un niveau de croissance attendu \u00e0 3,3 % pour 2021. Une progression d\u2019un point de pourcentage par rapport aux pr\u00e9dictions d\u2019avril 2021, selon la derni\u00e8re \u00e9dition du rapport Africa\u2019s Pulse. \u00c0 l\u2019heure actuelle, ce rebond tient au prix \u00e9lev\u00e9 des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, \u00e0 l\u2019assouplissement des mesures mises en place pour lutter contre la pand\u00e9mie et la reprise du commerce international. La relance reste n\u00e9anmoins fragile, en raison du faible taux de vaccination sur le continent, des pr\u00e9judices \u00e9conomiques prolong\u00e9s et du manque de dynamisme de la reprise.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Selon les analyses d\u2019Africa\u2019s Pulse, le rapport semestriel de la Banque mondiale sur la situation \u00e9conomique r\u00e9gionale, la croissance devrait avoisiner les 4 % en 2022 et 2023, accusant un retard dans la relance par rapport aux \u00e9conomies avanc\u00e9es et aux march\u00e9s \u00e9mergents, reflet d\u2019un investissement en berne en Afrique subsaharienne.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Un acc\u00e8s ais\u00e9 et \u00e9quitable \u00e0 des vaccins anti-COVID-19 s\u00fbrs et efficaces est essentiel pour sauver des vies et renforcer la relance \u00e9conomique en Afrique\u00a0\u00bb, explique <strong>Albert Zeufack, \u00e9conomiste en chef pour la r\u00e9gion Afrique \u00e0 la Banque mondiale<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Un d\u00e9ploiement plus rapide des vaccins permettrait d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la croissance r\u00e9gionale pour l\u2019amener \u00e0 5,1 % en 2022 et 5,4 % en 2023, l\u2019all\u00e8gement des mesures de confinement stimulant la consommation et l\u2019investissement. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tude fait \u00e9tat d\u2019une relance \u00e9conomique h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne selon les pays de la r\u00e9gion, avec pour ses trois principales \u00e9conomies, l\u2019Angola, le Nig\u00e9ria et l\u2019Afrique du Sud, une croissance attendue \u00e0 respectivement 0,4 %, 2,4 % et 4,6 %. L\u2019Afrique du Sud et le Nig\u00e9ria mis \u00e0 part, le reste de l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne a su rebondir plus vite avec un taux de croissance de 3,6 % en 2021. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des \u00e9conomies ne disposant pas de ressources naturelles abondantes, comme la C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire et le Kenya, on s\u2019attend \u00e0 une reprise forte avec une croissance de respectivement 6,2 % et 5 %.<\/p>\n<p>Le rapport souligne la tendance positive des r\u00e9formes structurelles et macro\u00e9conomiques que les pays africains ont su mettre en \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la crise. Plusieurs pays se sont ainsi lanc\u00e9s dans des r\u00e9formes structurelles difficiles mais n\u00e9cessaires, comme l\u2019unification des taux de change au Soudan, la r\u00e9forme des subventions des produits p\u00e9troliers au Nig\u00e9ria, et l\u2019ouverture \u00e0 la concurrence du secteur des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications en \u00c9thiopie.<\/p>\n<p>En outre, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des politiques mon\u00e9taires et budg\u00e9taires prudentes, le d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire r\u00e9gional, qui s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 5,4 % du Produit Int\u00e9rieur Brut (PIB) en 2021, devrait baisser pour atteindre 4,5 % du PIB en 2022 et 3 % du PIB en 2023. Cependant la rigueur budg\u00e9taire, associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une marge de man\u0153uvre limit\u00e9e, a emp\u00each\u00e9 les pays d\u2019Afrique d\u2019injecter les ressources n\u00e9cessaires au lancement d\u2019une politique de relance vigoureuse face \u00e0 la COVID-19.<\/p>\n<p>En plus de la mont\u00e9e de la pression budg\u00e9taire et du niveau de leurs dettes due \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre des mesures de relance \u00e9conomique durable et inclusive, les pays d\u2019Afrique subsaharienne sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation des effets du changement climatique. Les auteurs d\u2019Africa\u2019s Pulse recommandent aux pays de saisir cette opportunit\u00e9 pour enclencher leurs transitions vers des mod\u00e8les \u00e9conomiques moins polluants, de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re qu\u2019ils ont su saisir l\u2019occasion offerte par la pand\u00e9mie pour lancer des r\u00e9formes. Cette transition leur offrira des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e0 long terme, en r\u00e9duisant les al\u00e9as naturels et en cr\u00e9ant des opportunit\u00e9s de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n<p>Le rapport souligne les d\u00e9fis propres au contexte africain, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par un faible d\u00e9veloppement de base, des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s climatiques pr\u00e9existantes, un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie ainsi qu\u2019une forte d\u00e9pendance aux secteurs sensibles au climat. Cependant ces d\u00e9fis peuvent aussi offrir des opportunit\u00e9s pour transformer l\u2019\u00e9conomie r\u00e9gionale et cr\u00e9er de l\u2019emploi. Les entreprises priv\u00e9es et les gouvernements africains proposent ainsi des formations professionnelles dans le secteur de l\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire (au Togo et en Afrique du Sud). L\u2019investissement dans des infrastructures climato-intelligentes peut aider les villes \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des emplois. La r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions repr\u00e9sente une opportunit\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement pour les activit\u00e9s manufacturi\u00e8res dans la r\u00e9gion, notamment dans la production de composants n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l\u2019Internet des objets, l\u2019ajout de valeur aux minerais alimentant l\u2019\u00e9conomie verte, et l\u2019insertion dans des cha\u00eenes de valeur r\u00e9gionales.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(Source: Banque mondiale)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019Afrique subsaharienne devrait sortir de la r\u00e9cession caus\u00e9e par la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 avec un niveau de croissance attendu \u00e0 3,3 % pour 2021. Une&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1955,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-infos-eco","wpcat-23-id","wpcat-10-id"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019Afrique subsaharienne sort de la r\u00e9cession en 2021 mais la relance reste fragile - challenges economiques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/challengeseconomiques.com\/?p=1952\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019Afrique subsaharienne sort de la r\u00e9cession en 2021 mais la relance reste fragile - challenges economiques\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019Afrique subsaharienne devrait sortir de la r\u00e9cession caus\u00e9e par la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 avec un niveau de croissance attendu \u00e0 3,3 % pour 2021. 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